Finite-element Model of the Human Eardrum and Middle Ear

Computer-generated models are increasingly being used in otolaryngology for teaching purposes, pre-operative planning and clinical simulations, especially when dealing with smaU complex areas such as the middle ear. One technique used to analyse the mechanics of complex models is the fmite-element method whereby the system of interest is divided into a large number of small simple clements. The mechanical properties and applied forces are represented by functions defmed over each element, and the mechanical response of the whole system can then he computed. A unique three-dimensional finite-element modcl of the human eardrum and middle ear was devised. This model takes advantage of phase-shift moiré shape measurements to precisely define the shape of the eardrum. The middle-ear geometry is derived from histological seriaI sections and from high-resolution magnetic-resonance microscopy of the human ear. The mode! aHows an improved understanding of the mechanics of the human middle ear, can simulate various pathological conditions, and assist in the design of ossicular prostheses.